By Linas
Here we will simply have a summary of the rules that we have gone over in all of these lessons. This might be a little bit overwhelming if you read it at once. I say it’s best you read through those rules and think about them: if you get the rule, check and move on, if not, maybe you should investigate it a little bit more. You could also use this as a reference for using the passive.
Present - Keys
The golden keys are ε for A (with an exception of o for μαι), ιέ for B1 and ά for B2.
The silver keys are just like the golden keys for each of the three categories but one letter from the end shorter!
Present - Endings
The golden endings are μαι for me, σαι for you, ται for he/she and στε for you guys/you formal.
The silver endings are όμαστε for we and ούνται for they (except for A category where ούνται becomes ονται).
Past Continuous - Endings
The the past continuous endings are: όμουν for me, όσουν for you, όταν for he, όμαστε for we, όσαστε for you plural and όταν for they (*there is a small exception where the ending όταν for A category loses the stress and becomes oταν).
Past Continuous - Formation
For past continuous you use the present root with silver key with past continuous endings.
Past Simple - Endings
Passive simple past endings are the same as the active simple past endings: ηκ+(α, ες, ε, αμε, ατε, αν).
Past Simple - Keys
For PAST B key just go with ηθ.
For PAST A key ... you don’t have a key except a θηκ στηκ (thick stick). Go with the στηκ if at doubt.
If you are still not sure and want better accuracy, for additional PAST A keys look at active past and remember two TV shows: X-Chromosome and PSI-Factor.
Past Simple - Formation
Just like in the past active, the accent in the past passive falls on the third syllable from the end.
Future Simple - Endings
The future passive endings are just endings of present active B2 verbs so they are as follows: -ώ, -είς, -εί, -ούμε, -είτε, -ούν.
Future Simple - Formation
To use the passive in the future tense, you use θα+past root+usual future ending.
Future Continuous - Formation
For the future continuous, just like in the active voice, simply add θα to the present word!
Subjunctive - Formation
Just like in the active voice, the passive subjunctive (all you use after να) form is the same as the future form.
Past Participle - Formation
The passive past participle is the same as the future passive "he" form.
Commands - Formation
To use the plural comand of the passive tense, just use the future plural form!
To use the singular imperative (command) of the passive tense, use the root of the word with the key ήσου for all B and σου for all A with no ending.
Just like in the past, in the A case, the last letter (or sometimes two consonants together if those occur) gets crushed and disappears and ALSO you do the psi-x test.
Congratulations! These might seem abundant when they are altogether but it’s nothing like the standard model of particle physics, huh (by the way: it also takes up several pages). It would get a lot smaller if we removed all the endings and all of that other stuff and just left the generic rules. It would be even smaller if we limited our rules to the three simple cases. You can do that if you wish.
And for an ending, remember, using those does not guarantee you perfect accuracy but it will help you remember the important things and use the correct form by having worked it out instead of by learning it by rote! Use wisely!