In Turkish, most plurals are regular.
-lar = if the word's last vowel is a, ı, o or u
-ler = if the word's last vowel is e, i, ö or ü
Some words of Arabic origin end in -at and you need to add the suffix -ler.
The word for clock is saat.
The word for mountain is dağ.
The word for reality is hakikat.
Let's pluralise the words.
1 translation: dağ
2 translation: adam
3 translation: kadın
4 translation: masa
5 translation: sandalye
6 translation: saat
7 translation: hakikat
PronounsThe word for I is ben.
The word for familiar you is sen.
The word for he, she and it is o.
The word for we is biz.
The word for polite or plural you is siz.
The word for they is onlar.Verbs
In Turkish, almost all verbs are regular. You will learn how to form infinitives and the present continuous tense.
Infinitives -mak = if the word's last vowel is a, ı, o or u -mek = if the word's last vowel is e, i, ö or üThe word for tell is söyle-
The word for drink is iç-
The word for eat is ye-
The word for do is yap-
The word for come is gel-
Let's try.
8 translation: to tell
9 translation: to drink
10 translation: to eat
11 translation: to do
12 translation: to come
If you remove the infinitive suffix, you'll find the stem.
Present Continuous Tense -ıyor = if the stem's first vowel is a or ı and last letter or vowel is a or ı -iyor = if the stem's first vowel is e or i and last letter or vowel is e or i -uyor = if the stem's first vowel is o or u and last letter or vowel is a or ı -üyor = if the stem's first vowel is ö or ü and last letter or vowel is e or iYou need to change a into ı or u, and e into i or ü when forming the present continuous tense (This rule applies if a or e is the last letter of the verb stem). If the stem ends in a consonant, you don't need to change any letter, you simply add the suffix.
The suffix for ben is -um
The suffix for sen is -sun
There is no suffix for o
The suffix for biz is -uz
The suffix for siz is -sunuz
The suffix for onlar is -lar if they are people, and no suffix if they are animals, plants or inanimate. But the suffix can be left out even talking about people.
Let's conjugate the verb söylemek (using the pronoun).
13 translation: I tell
14 translation: you (singular) tell
15 translation: he/she/it tells
16 translation: we tell
17 translation: you (polite/plural) tell
18 translation: they (people) tell
19 translation: they (non-people) tell
And now, let's conjugate gelmek.
20 translation: I come
21 translation: you (singular) come
22 translation: he/she/it comes
23 translation: we come
24 translation: you (polite/plural) come
25 translation: they (people) come
26 translation: they (non-people) come