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Introduction to Lithuanian Basics:
Lesson 8

By Linas

We’re going to be using some new words but you don’t have to remember them. I just want you to remember how to conjugate them (conjugate means to change endings, for example, if you have to have: turėti, and you make it into he has, turi, you’re conjugating already). In any case.

First, do you remember how to say:

He understands.

Answer: Jis supranta.
Not correct. Please try again.

I have mentioned before that it comes from the ancient word which has disappearer pranta. Now, if you change it a bit and make it: įpranta, it means he gets used to.

Try this:

I am getting used to have it.

Answer: Aš įprantu tai turėti.
Not correct. Please try again.

You can make the opposite of it and make it mean he is growing out of (i.e. losing a habit) by making it: atpranta. So, imagine you are talking about smoking and say:

We are growing out.

Answer: Mes atprantame.
Not correct. Please try again.

You can say even more things with this word. For example, if you make it into: perpranta, then it means he is getting the grasp of or simply he comprehends. So, for example, talk informally:

You (informal) are not getting the grasp of it.

Answer: Tu to neperpranti.
Not correct. Please try again.

You should have it by now. Let’s learn something.

Lithuanian word for alive is gyvas.

Think: if someone is alive, he can give things. Although, hope you remember, y is pronounced more like y in city. Anyway. If you change that a bit and make it into gyvena, you have the word for he lives. Try:

I live.

Answer: Aš gyvenu.
Not correct. Please try again.

Now, we are going to need one more word:

The word for here in Lithuanian is čia.

Now, č is pronounced just like tch in match or ch in chick or Ch in Chuck Norris. The letter combination ia, when pronounced fast, sounds more like e in met. Actually, when little, Lithuanians always want to spell words like čia like če because they just sound the same and only later at school they learn that this e sound is actually ia.

Čia is a small world like tai so it just usually tends to follow its place and get in the middle of the sentence. So, how do you say:

I live here.

Answer: Aš čia gyvenu.
Not correct. Please try again.

What about (be formal):

You don’t live here.

Answer: Jūs čia negyvenate.
Not correct. Please try again.

What about (formal again):

You don’t live here but I live here.

Answer: Jūs čia negyvenate, bet aš čia gyvenu.
Not correct. Please try again.

Okay, now we know enough to get from doing to being. It’s easy.

Lithuanian word for he is is esa.

So, how do you say:

He is alive.

Answer: Jis esa gyvas.
Not correct. Please try again.

What about:

She is here.

Answer: Ji čia esa.
Not correct. Please try again.

That’s very nice. Now, you can see that it’s an a ending verb, so, how do you say:

I am.

Answer: Aš esu.
Not correct. Please try again.

I am alive.

Answer: Aš esu gyvas.
Not correct. Please try again.

What about:

You (informal) are alive.

Answer: Tu esi gyvas.
Not correct. Please try again.

Now, let’s get more complicated. Talk formally:

You are here but you don’t live here.

Answer: Jūs čia esate, bet jūs čia negyvenate.
Not correct. Please try again.

Finally, just to remember:

We are here and we live here.

Answer: Mes čia esame ir mes čia gyvename.
Not correct. Please try again.

This is awesomeness. But wait... do you remember how in all languages these forms for to be have to be irregular? Well, but it’s so regular in Lithuanian, you might say.

Well, it is, but Lithuanian still likes to be on the same boat with everybody else so there is indeed one exception.

Remember, I told you that he is is jis esa? Well, I lied.

Lithuanian for he is is jis yra.

Just before you blame me... well, esa is a word and you can sometimes hear it used. I think it’s pretty old and thus worn out but I am not sure about this. Whatever the case...

All other forms (aš esu, tu esi, jūs esate, etc.) build on the word: esa but the actual word is yra. So, now, try to say it how Lithuanians would actually say it:

He is alive.

Answer: Jis yra gyvas.
Not correct. Please try again.

That’s much better. What about.

She is here.

Answer: Ji čia yra.
Not correct. Please try again.

Just one more:

They are here.

Answer: Jie čia yra.
Not correct. Please try again.

That’s it for today. We’ll pick up from here soon.