Learn Sambahsa - Lesson 18 : A Free Introductory Course

Introduction to Sambahsa: 18

Let's come back to the first person singular ending. For verbs ending with a consonantal sound or « -w » after the stressed syllable, we've seen it's « -o ». But if the verb ends with a long vowel sound (like « poh ») or the semi-vowel j, then the ending is « -m » (Remember the English example « I am »). « To believe » in Sambahsa is « credeih » = krə'de:j. It is stressed on the second syllable. For this reason, the first « e » is pronounced like « e » in « the man », said in English. To express « too, also », Sambahsa uses « -schi » (pronounced like « she » in English », which is suffix to a pronoun.

Translate now into Sambahsa « I believe they make a mistake too » (use the long ending « -ent » for the second verb)

I believe they make a mistake too.

Remember that 'credeih' takes 'm' as an ending in this sentence. The word for 'make a mistake' was 'rhalt'. Only three words in this Sambahsa sentence, and the word order is 'I-believe too they-make-a-mistake'.

I am from Iraq too.

Remember that 'schi' gets added directly to the word 'Io'.

Studying is useful. Studye est util.|studye est util
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Three words in this sentence.
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Are you from Milan, Miss X? Ste yu ex Milan, Potnika X ?|ste yu ex Milan, Potnika X
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'You' was 'yu'.
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We have a (female) friend in Florence. Hams un prientin in Florence.|hams un prientin in Florence
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No need for the word for 'we'. Also, don't forget to use 'un' for 'a'.
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They have a friend in Rome. Hant un prient in Rome.|hant un prient in Rome
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In Sambahsa: 'Rome', not 'Roma'. 'A' is 'un'.
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The car of John is on the corner of the street. Id wogh os John est ep id wangwl ios strad.|id wogh os john est ep id wangwl ios strad|Id wogh os John est ep id wangwl ios strad
```
The key to this sentence is to correctly use 'os' for 'of' and 'ios' for 'of the'. Remember that 'is' is 'est'.
```
The slaves are afraid of the masters. I sclavs baynt i maysters.|i sclavs baynt i maysters.|i sclavs baynt i maysters|I SCLAVS BAYNT I MAYSTERS|I sclavs baynt i maysters|I sclavs baynt i maysters.
```
'Master' was 'mayster', and 'the' was 'i'. Five words in this sentence: 'the slaves are-afraid-of the masters'.
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Layla talks with her (female) friend. Layla tolct con sien prientin.|layla tolct con sien prientin.|layla tolct con sien prientin|LAYLA TOLCT CON SIEN PRIENTIN|Layla tolct con sien prientin|Layla tolct con sien prientin.
```
'Her' refers to 'her own', so you will be using the word 'sien' in this sentence. Moreover, remember that 'tolk' changes its final 'k' to a 'c' when you add the ending 't'. 
```
His office is near his house. Eys bureau est prokwem eys dom.|eys bureau est prokwem eys dom.|eys bureau est prokwem eys dom|EYS BUREAU EST PROKWEM EYS DOM|Eys bureau est prokwem eys dom|Eys bureau est prokwem eys dom.
```
Use 'eys' for 'his' in both instances in this phrase. 'Is' is 'est'.
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He goes out of his house. Is salct sien dom.|is salct sien dom.|is salct sien dom|IS SALCT SIEN DOM|Is salct sien dom|Is salct sien dom.
```
Use 'sien' for 'his', as it refers to 'his own' house. Also remember that 'salg' becomes 'salc' when you add the 't'.
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(He/she) enters his/her office. Entret sien bureau.|entret sien bureau.|entret sien bureau|ENTRET SIEN BUREAU|Entret sien bureau|Entret sien bureau.
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Use 'sien' in this phrase.
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Ziad talks with the (male) taxi driver. Ziad tolct con iom taxiweghtor.|ziad tolct con iom taxiweghtor.|ziad tolct con iom taxiweghtor|ZIAD TOLCT CON IOM TAXIWEGHTOR|Ziad tolct con iom taxiweghtor|Ziad tolct con iom taxiweghtor.
```
Change the 'k' in 'tolk' into a 'c' when the ending is added. For 'the', remember that you will be using 'iom.
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Their car is in front of their house. Ir wogh est ant ir dom.|ir wogh est ant ir dom.|ir wogh est ant ir dom|IR WOGH EST ANT IR DOM|Ir wogh est ant ir dom|Ir wogh est ant ir dom.
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Remember that 'car' was 'wogh'.
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Omar’s house stands at the end of the street. Omars dom staht ye id bud ios strad.|omars dom staht ye id bud ios strad.|omars dom staht ye id bud ios strad|OMARS DOM STAHT YE ID BUD IOS STRAD|Omars dom staht ye id bud ios strad|Omars dom staht ye id bud ios strad.
```
Remember that 'stah' (like 'poh') simply adds a 't'. Also remember that 'of the' was 'ios' and, finally, street is 'strad'.
```

Why do you walk in the middle of the street ?

Remember that the last 'g' in ghancg will change to an 's' when you add the conjugation ending 's'. Don't forget the personal pronoun right after the verb ('why walk YOU in the middle of the street'). Finally, 'medsu' already includes all of 'the middle of', so next you will only need to say 'the street' in the nominative case.

I’m going to visit Egypt. Vahm visite Misr.|vahm visite misr.|vahm visite misr|VAHM VISITE MISR|Vahm visite Misr|Vahm visite Misr.
```
Remember that you will be adding 'm' to the end of 'vah' for this conjugation. You will not be using the word for 'I'.
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They walk with each other along the sea. Ghangent con mutu ana id mar.|ghangent con mutu ana id mar.|ghangent con mutu ana id mar|GHANGENT CON MUTU ANA ID MAR|Ghangent con mutu ana id mar|Ghangent con mutu ana id mar.
```
Remember, a "gangway" is where you can "ghang". It  has the plural ending 'ent' here. No need to use the word for 'they' in this sentence.
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They used to teach everyday in the temple. Ee-docent cadadien in id temple.|ee-docent cadadien in id temple.|ee docent cadadien in id temple|EE DOCENT CADADIEN IN ID TEMPLE|Eedocent cadadien in id temple|Ee-docent cadadien in id temple.
```
You need to put a hyphenated 'Ee-' before 'docent', not an unhyphenated one.
```
They used to go with the soldiers. Ee-gwahnt con iens soldats.|ee-gwahnt con iens soldats.|ee gwahnt con iens soldats|EE GWAHNT CON IENS SOLDATS|Eegwahnt con iens soldats|Ee-gwahnt con iens soldats.
```
Remember to pu the hyphenated 'Ee-' before 'gwahnt', and that 'the' will become 'iens' in this sentence.
```
You are called by the master. Ste kalt ab iom mayster.|ste kalt ab iom mayster.|ste kalt ab iom mayster|STE KALT AB IOM MAYSTER|Ste kalt ab iom mayster|Ste kalt ab iom mayster.
```
Remember to use 'Ste' for 'you are', and also to change 'id' to 'iom' before 'mayster'.
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Introduction to Sambahsa: 18

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